DNA Fingerprinting In Criminal Investigation.

Enter the world of forensics and the fascinating study of DNA fingerprinting for criminal identification.

DNA Fingerprinting :- 

DNA fingerprinting is a chemical test that shows the genetic makeup of a person or other living things. It's used as evidence in courts, to identify bodies, track down blood relatives, and to look for cures for disease.
While people may share the same eye and hair color, and may even have similar facial features, but they will not have the same DNA. This means the process can be useful in more accurately solving crimes.

What is DNA?

Before going into the details of DNA Fingerprinting, it’s important to understand what DNA is. Each person has unique DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). A double stranded structure that is essential building block of the body cells.
DNA is made up of four chemical bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T). 
Each cell in the body has a nucleus (an inner core), which holds chromosomes. DNA molecules make up these chromosomes.

Steps Of DNA Fingerprinting :- 

Steps involved in DNA fingerprinting are :

(i) isolation of DNA. 
(ii) digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases. 
(iii) separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis.

How Does DNA Fingerprinting Helps In Criminal Investigation :- 
Scientists believe that, not only can DNA provide information to link a person to a crime scene but they can also provide clues to determine time of death.

DNA has hugely improved the functioning of the criminal justice system. The main ways DNA testing can be used to great effect in the criminal justice system are to:

(1) Solve crimes.
(2) Identify victims of crime.
(3) Link crimes.

DNA has been used as evidence and has become a powerful tool in the field of the criminal law. Often the DNA of an individual may be found on the body of their victim or at the scene of the crime and can help pinpoint that individual.

Since an individual’s DNA is the same in all areas of their body, it cannot be altered or changed in any way, meaning it is effectively a form of evidence which is resistant to any form of tampering.

DNA testing at a crime scene will often enable investigators to move the case in the right direction.

Popular objects that can serve as a piece of evidence to determine the DNA –
1. Clothes of person that contain blood, sweat.
2. Hat containing hair or dandruff.
3. Toothpick containing saliva.
4. Fingernails containing blood or skin tissue.
5. Smoked cigarettes.

Conclusion :- 

DNA samples can be collected and analyzed to determine if they match DNA samples obtained from suspects of that crime. If two DNA samples have the same fingerprint, then there is a very high probability that they came from the same person.

DNA fingerprinting has made criminal investigation very easy.

🌸 Thank You 🌸

By :- Anamika Singh.

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